@font-face {
  font-family: 'Cabin';
  font-style: normal;
  font-weight: 400;
  font-stretch: normal;
  font-display: swap;
  src: url(/in-praise-of-idleness/fonts/7d25229f1a6c.ttf) format('truetype');
}
@font-face {
  font-family: 'Cabin';
  font-style: normal;
  font-weight: 500;
  font-stretch: normal;
  font-display: swap;
  src: url(/in-praise-of-idleness/fonts/291f0aff270e.ttf) format('truetype');
}
@font-face {
  font-family: 'Cabin';
  font-style: normal;
  font-weight: 600;
  font-stretch: normal;
  font-display: swap;
  src: url(/in-praise-of-idleness/fonts/1b19ba7884b7.ttf) format('truetype');
}
@font-face {
  font-family: 'EB Garamond';
  font-style: italic;
  font-weight: 400;
  font-display: swap;
  src: url(/in-praise-of-idleness/fonts/78f0d6fabbeb.ttf) format('truetype');
}
@font-face {
  font-family: 'EB Garamond';
  font-style: italic;
  font-weight: 500;
  font-display: swap;
  src: url(/in-praise-of-idleness/fonts/ac1b557f5125.ttf) format('truetype');
}
@font-face {
  font-family: 'EB Garamond';
  font-style: normal;
  font-weight: 400;
  font-display: swap;
  src: url(/in-praise-of-idleness/fonts/1087cfa93cf9.ttf) format('truetype');
}
@font-face {
  font-family: 'EB Garamond';
  font-style: normal;
  font-weight: 500;
  font-display: swap;
  src: url(/in-praise-of-idleness/fonts/0506c0434c87.ttf) format('truetype');
}
@font-face {
  font-family: 'EB Garamond';
  font-style: normal;
  font-weight: 600;
  font-display: swap;
  src: url(/in-praise-of-idleness/fonts/cc967237fe9e.ttf) format('truetype');
}




:root {
  --background: #ecf2f7;
  --foreground: #182f48;
  --serif: 'EB Garamond', Georgia, serif;
  --sans: 'Cabin', sans-serif;
  --blue: #d9e6f0;
}
* {
  box-sizing: border-box;
}
html {
  scroll-behavior: smooth;
  scroll-padding-top: 32px;
}
body {
  margin: 0;
  background: var(--background);
  color: var(--foreground);
  font-family: var(--sans);
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
}
a {
  color: inherit;
  text-decoration: none;
}
a:focus-visible {
  outline: 2px solid currentColor;
  outline-offset: 7px;
}
h1,
h2,
p {
  margin: 0;
}
h1,
h2,
em {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-weight: 400;
}
::selection {
  background: #b8d1e4;
  color: #13253a;
}
.edition {
  --progress: 0%;
  overflow: clip;
  isolation: isolate;
}
.edition::after {
  content: '';
  position: fixed;
  inset: 0;
  z-index: 60;
  pointer-events: none;
  opacity: 0.14;
  background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg viewBox='0 0 180 180' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%3E%3Cfilter id='n'%3E%3CfeTurbulence type='fractalNoise' baseFrequency='.75' numOctaves='3' stitchTiles='stitch'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cpath filter='url(%23n)' opacity='.25' d='M0 0h180v180H0z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");
}
.skip-link {
  position: fixed;
  top: -100px;
  left: 20px;
  background: white;
  padding: 16px;
  z-index: 100;
}
.skip-link:focus {
  top: 15px;
}
.masthead {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: center;
  height: 76px;
  padding: 0 5%;
  background: #e4edf4;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #18304a25;
  font-size: 12px;
  letter-spacing: 0.15em;
  position: relative;
  z-index: 10;
}
.masthead a:last-child {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 12px;
}
.masthead a:last-child span {
  font-size: 21px;
}
.cover {
  position: relative;
  height: calc(100svh - 76px);
  min-height: 740px;
  max-height: 1120px;
  background: #e4edf4;
  overflow: hidden;
}
.cover-landscape {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  transform: translateY(var(--drift, 0px)) scale(var(--zoom, 1.07));
}
.cover-landscape img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
  object-position: center 65%;
}
.cover-landscape::after {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  background: linear-gradient(#e4edf4a6, #e4edf44d 28%, transparent 65%);
}
.cover-title {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 3;
  text-align: center;
  padding-top: 60px;
  animation: arrive 1.6s cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.7, 0.2, 1) both;
}
.cover-date {
  font-size: 12px;
  letter-spacing: 0.2em;
}
.cover h1 {
  font-size: clamp(90px, 11.8vw, 190px);
  line-height: 0.87;
  letter-spacing: -0.055em;
  margin: 33px 0 32px;
}
.cover h1 em {
  letter-spacing: -0.06em;
}
.read-link {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  width: 64px;
  height: 64px;
}
.read-link span {
  font: 54px/1 var(--serif);
  transition: transform 0.4s;
}
.read-link:hover span {
  transform: translateY(8px);
}
.cover-bottom {
  position: absolute;
  bottom: 26px;
  left: 5%;
  right: 5%;
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  z-index: 4;
  font-size: 12px;
  letter-spacing: 0.15em;
}
.flowers {
  object-fit: contain;
  animation: flowers-breathe 14s ease-in-out infinite alternate;
  transform-origin: 50% 90%;
}
.clouds {
  object-fit: contain;
  animation: clouds-drift 24s ease-in-out infinite alternate;
}
.cover-clouds {
  position: absolute;
  width: 37%;
  left: -9%;
  top: 16%;
  opacity: 0.48;
  pointer-events: none;
}
.essay-section {
  position: relative;
  background: #f2f6f9;
}
.act-2 {
  background: #e4eef6;
}
.act-3 {
  background: #edf4f7;
}
.section-heading {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr auto 1fr;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 40px;
  max-width: 1180px;
  padding: 80px 5% 65px;
  margin: auto;
}
.section-heading > span {
  font-size: 12px;
  letter-spacing: 0.14em;
}
.section-heading > span:last-child {
  text-align: right;
}
.section-heading h2 {
  font: italic 46px/1 var(--serif);
}
.reader-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 760px) minmax(0, 1fr);
  column-gap: clamp(25px, 4vw, 85px);
  padding: 0 3% 70px;
  max-width: 1720px;
  margin: auto;
}
.essay-text {
  grid-column: 2;
  min-width: 0;
}
.passage {
  position: relative;
}
.passage-art {
  position: absolute;
  top: 12%;
  width: clamp(140px, 16vw, 270px);
  pointer-events: none;
}
.passage-art-left {
  right: calc(100% + 40px);
}
.passage-art-right {
  left: calc(100% + 40px);
}
.passage-art img {
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  transform: translateY(var(--drift, 0px)) rotate(var(--turn, 0deg));
}
.ink-vignette,
.closing-garden {
  translate: 0 var(--drift, 0px);
}
.passage > p {
  font: 400 25px/1.58 var(--serif);
  letter-spacing: -0.008em;
  margin: 0 0 1.5em;
  text-align: justify;
  hyphens: auto;
  text-wrap: pretty;
}
.opening-paragraph::first-letter {
  float: left;
  font: 400 115px/0.72 var(--serif);
  padding: 12px 12px 0 0;
}
.margin {
  min-width: 0;
  position: relative;
}
.margin-sticky {
  position: sticky;
  top: 23vh;
  padding-top: 120px;
}
.margin img {
  width: 150%;
  max-width: none;
  margin-left: -25%;
  opacity: 0.8;
}
.margin-left .flowers {
  height: 380px;
}
.margin-right .clouds {
  height: 280px;
}
.margin-right .margin-sticky {
  padding-top: 460px;
  top: 0;
}
.act-2 .margin-left .margin-sticky {
  padding-top: 220px;
}
.act-2 .margin-right .margin-sticky {
  padding-top: 550px;
}
.margin-right .flowers {
  height: 360px;
  transform: rotate(12deg);
}
.ink-vignette {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  height: 230px;
  margin: 25px 0 55px;
  overflow: hidden;
}
.ink-vignette img {
  width: 300px;
  height: 220px;
}
.ink-vignette .flowers {
  width: 130px;
}
.interlude {
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
  height: 570px;
  background: #a7bed2;
}
.interlude-image {
  position: absolute;
  width: 100%;
  height: 130%;
  top: -15%;
  object-fit: cover;
  transform: translateY(var(--drift, 0px)) scale(var(--zoom, 1.05));
}
.interlude-1 {
  background: #142c42 url('/in-praise-of-idleness/images/idleness-factory.jpg') center 32% / cover;
}
.interlude-1 .interlude-image {
  width: 51%;
  left: 9%;
  height: 200%;
  top: -12%;
  object-fit: cover;
  object-position: 50% 5%;
  mix-blend-mode: luminosity;
  opacity: 0.9;
}
.interlude-1 .interlude-clouds {
  position: absolute;
  width: 48%;
  right: -3%;
  top: 3%;
  opacity: 0.4;
  filter: invert(1);
}
.interlude-numeral {
  position: absolute;
  right: 18%;
  top: 25%;
  font: italic 190px/1 var(--serif);
  color: #e8f1f7;
}
.interlude.interlude-2 {
  height: auto;
  aspect-ratio: 3 / 2;
  max-height: 1000px;
  background: #d7e5eb;
}
.interlude-2 .interlude-image {
  inset: 0;
  width: 100%;
  min-width: 100%;
  max-width: none;
  object-fit: cover;
  height: 100%;
  top: 0;
  object-position: center;
  transform: scale(calc(1 + (var(--zoom, 1.05) - 1) * 0.25));
}
.interlude-2 .interlude-numeral {
  top: 15%;
  left: 15%;
  right: auto;
  font-size: 140px;
  color: #16334c;
}
.interlude-2 .interlude-clouds {
  position: absolute;
  width: 35%;
  left: -4%;
  top: -15%;
  opacity: 0.6;
}
.interlude-flowers {
  position: absolute;
  height: 85%;
  width: 29%;
  right: -6%;
  bottom: -15%;
}
.last-line {
  display: block;
  margin: 70px -55px 20px;
  text-align: center;
  font: 400 clamp(42px, 4.3vw, 66px)/1.14 var(--serif);
  letter-spacing: -0.04em;
  text-wrap: balance;
}
.closing-garden {
  height: 380px;
  position: relative;
  max-width: 950px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  overflow: hidden;
}
.closing-garden .flowers {
  position: absolute;
  width: 300px;
  height: 400px;
  bottom: -70px;
  left: 3%;
}
.closing-garden .clouds {
  position: absolute;
  right: -4%;
  top: -60px;
  width: 450px;
}
.closing-garden > span {
  position: absolute;
  top: 40%;
  left: 50%;
  transform: translateX(-50%);
  font-size: 12px;
  letter-spacing: 0.25em;
}
.colophon {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 30px;
  padding: 45px 6% 110px;
  background: #dce9f2;
  border-top: 1px solid #182f4820;
}
.colophon > div > span {
  font-size: 12px;
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
}
.colophon p {
  font: italic 22px var(--serif);
  margin-top: 9px;
}
.colophon > a {
  font-size: 14px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #18304a50;
  padding-bottom: 8px;
}
.reading-progress {
  position: fixed;
  z-index: 50;
  bottom: 0;
  left: 0;
  right: 0;
  padding: 12px 5%;
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 20px;
  background: #f1f6faf7;
  backdrop-filter: blur(12px);
  transform: translateY(110%);
  transition: transform 0.6s;
}
.reading-progress.is-visible {
  transform: none;
}
.progress-line {
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  width: 100%;
  height: 1px;
  background: #16334c20;
}
.progress-line span {
  display: block;
  height: 2px;
  width: var(--progress);
  background: #476d8b;
}
.progress-title {
  font: 20px var(--serif);
}
.progress-parts {
  display: flex;
  gap: 20px;
}
.progress-parts a {
  width: 32px;
  text-align: center;
  padding: 4px;
  font: 19px var(--serif);
  border-bottom: 1px solid transparent;
  opacity: 0.6;
}
.progress-parts a.is-active {
  opacity: 1;
  border-color: #18304a;
}
.progress-source {
  font-size: 12px;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
}
@keyframes arrive {
  from {
    opacity: 0;
    transform: translateY(20px);
  }
  to {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: none;
  }
}
@keyframes flowers-breathe {
  from {
    rotate: -2deg;
    translate: 0 0;
  }
  to {
    rotate: 2deg;
    translate: 0 -9px;
  }
}
@keyframes clouds-drift {
  from {
    translate: -15px 0;
  }
  to {
    translate: 20px -10px;
  }
}
@media (min-width: 1700px) {
  .cover-title {
    padding-top: 100px;
  }
  .reader-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 800px 1fr;
  }
  .passage > p {
    font-size: 27px;
  }
}
@media (max-width: 1000px) {
  .reader-grid {
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 640px) minmax(0, 1fr);
    column-gap: 20px;
    padding-left: 4%;
    padding-right: 4%;
  }
  .margin img {
    opacity: 0.45;
    width: 230%;
    margin-left: -65%;
  }
  .section-heading {
    padding-left: 7%;
    padding-right: 7%;
  }
  .interlude {
    height: 430px;
  }
  .cover h1 {
    font-size: 14vw;
  }
  .last-line {
    margin-left: 0;
    margin-right: 0;
  }
}
@media (max-width: 700px) {
  .masthead {
    height: 64px;
    padding: 0 6%;
    font-size: 11px;
    letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  }
  .masthead > span {
    display: none;
  }
  .cover {
    height: calc(100svh - 64px);
    min-height: 650px;
    max-height: 850px;
  }
  .cover-title {
    padding-top: 62px;
  }
  .cover-date {
    font-size: 10px;
    letter-spacing: 0.13em;
  }
  .cover h1 {
    font-size: 20vw;
    margin: 30px 0 22px;
    line-height: 0.95;
  }
  .cover-landscape img {
    object-position: 45% 65%;
  }
  .cover-landscape::after {
    background: linear-gradient(#e4edf4dd, #e4edf49c 35%, transparent 75%);
  }
  .cover-clouds {
    width: 60%;
    top: 52%;
    left: -10%;
  }
  .cover-bottom {
    bottom: 25px;
    font-size: 10px;
    left: 6%;
    right: 6%;
  }
  .read-link {
    font-size: 15px;
    gap: 20px;
  }
  .reader-grid {
    display: block;
    padding: 0 7% 45px;
  }
  .margin {
    display: none;
  }
  .section-heading {
    padding: 55px 7% 42px;
    gap: 20px;
  }
  .section-heading > span {
    font-size: 10px;
    letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  }
  .section-heading > span:last-child {
    display: none;
  }
  .section-heading {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr auto;
  }
  .section-heading h2 {
    font-size: 38px;
  }
  .passage > p {
    font-size: 23px;
    line-height: 1.5;
    margin-bottom: 1.35em;
  }
  .opening-paragraph::first-letter {
    font-size: 96px;
    padding-top: 9px;
  }
  .ink-vignette {
    height: 170px;
    margin: 15px 0 30px;
  }
  .ink-vignette img {
    width: 240px;
    height: 170px;
  }
  .interlude {
    height: 360px;
  }
  .interlude-1 .interlude-image {
    width: 78%;
    left: -5%;
  }
  .interlude-numeral {
    font-size: 120px;
    right: 10%;
    top: 35%;
  }
  .interlude-1 .interlude-clouds {
    width: 75%;
    right: -25%;
    top: 8%;
  }
  .interlude-2 {
    height: auto;
  }
  .interlude-2 .interlude-numeral {
    font-size: 90px;
    top: 15%;
    left: 15%;
  }
  .interlude-flowers {
    width: 50%;
    right: -20%;
  }
  .last-line {
    font-size: 39px;
    margin: 45px 0 15px;
  }
  .closing-garden {
    height: 280px;
  }
  .closing-garden .flowers {
    width: 180px;
    height: 280px;
    left: -4%;
  }
  .closing-garden .clouds {
    width: 250px;
    right: -10%;
    top: 0;
  }
  .colophon {
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    padding: 30px 7% 95px;
    gap: 25px;
  }
  .colophon > div {
    width: 100%;
  }
  .colophon > a {
    font-size: 13px;
  }
  .reading-progress {
    padding: 10px 6%;
    gap: 10px;
  }
  .progress-title {
    font-size: 17px;
  }
  .progress-parts {
    gap: 5px;
  }
  .progress-parts a {
    width: 24px;
    font-size: 17px;
  }
  .progress-source {
    display: none;
  }
}
@media print {
  .masthead,
  .cover,
  .margin,
  .interlude,
  .ink-vignette,
  .closing-garden,
  .reading-progress {
    display: none;
  }
  .reader-grid {
    display: block;
  }
  .essay-section,
  body {
    background: white;
    color: black;
  }
  .passage > p {
    font-size: 12pt;
  }
}

/* Crop the portrait film into an immersive, edge-to-edge chapter divider. */
.interlude-1 .gears-video {
  min-width: 100%;
  max-width: none;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  object-fit: cover;
  object-position: 50% 32%;
  mix-blend-mode: normal;
  opacity: 1;
  transform: translateY(calc(var(--drift, 0px) * 0.15)) scale(1.02);
}
@media (max-width: 1150px) {
  .passage-art {
    width: 150px;
  }
  .passage-art-left {
    right: calc(100% + 15px);
  }
  .passage-art-right {
    left: calc(100% + 15px);
  }
}
@media (max-width: 1000px) {
  .passage-art {
    position: relative;
    inset: auto;
    width: 160px;
    margin: 35px auto;
  }
}
@media (max-width: 700px) {
  .passage > p {
    text-align: left;
  }
  .interlude-1 .gears-video {
    object-position: 50% 32%;
  }
}
@media print {
  .passage-art {
    display: none;
  }
}

/* Images pass behind a stable reading surface; they never displace words. */
.passage {
  isolation: isolate;
}
.passage > p {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
}
.passage-echo {
  position: absolute;
  z-index: 0;
  top: 10%;
  width: clamp(300px, 35vw, 500px);
  height: 440px;
  pointer-events: none;
  opacity: calc(0.02 + var(--presence, 0.7) * 0.13);
  mix-blend-mode: multiply;
  transform: translateY(calc(var(--drift, 0px) * 1.3)) rotate(var(--turn, 0deg));
}
.passage-echo-left {
  left: -22%;
}
.passage-echo-right {
  right: -22%;
}
.passage-echo img {
  filter: grayscale(1) contrast(1.4);
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: contain;
}
@media (max-width: 700px) {
  .passage-echo {
    width: 85%;
    height: 380px;
    opacity: calc(0.015 + var(--presence, 0.7) * 0.09);
  }
  .passage-echo-left {
    left: -12%;
  }
  .passage-echo-right {
    right: -12%;
  }
}
@media print {
  .passage-echo {
    display: none;
  }
}

.sr-only{position:absolute;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);white-space:nowrap;border:0} img{display:block;max-width:100%;height:auto}